Changing national vaccination programmes

Legal basis

The Communicable Diseases Act (SFS 2004:168) stipulates that a communicable disease shall be covered by a national vaccination programme if the vaccination against the disease is expected to:

• effectively prevent communicable diseases from spreading amongst the population
• be socioeconomically cost effective
• be sustainable from an ethical and humanitarian point of view.

The corresponding Ordinance regulates the 13 factors that the Public Health Agency of Sweden must account for when proposing changes in the national vaccination programme to the Government. All factors are significant, but in preparation of a recommendation to change the national vaccination programme, they can be given different levels of importance.

• The burden of the disease on society, in the healthcare sector and for individuals.
• The expected impact of vaccinations on the burden of the disease and on the epidemiology of the disease.
• The number of doses that are required to achieve the desired effect.
• The target groups who will be offered the vaccination.
• The safety of the vaccine.
• The effect of vaccinations on the activities of regions, municipalities and private healthcare providers.
• The suitability of combining the vaccine with the other vaccines in the national vaccination programme.
• The general public's ability to accept the vaccine, and its effect on attitudes towards vaccinations in general.
• Which other accessible, preventative measures or treatments can be performed or provided as an alternative to the vaccination in the national vaccination programme.
• An economic assessment of the vaccination's cost-effectiveness and an assessment of expenses and income for the state, municipalities and regions.
• The opportunities to monitor the vaccination's effect in the ten above-stated points and the state's estimated costs for follow-up.
• The need for information initiatives in relation to the general public and healthcare providers, and the cost of this.
• Medical ethics and humanitarian considerations.

Working process

The Public Health Agency of Sweden has developed a working process for proposing changes to national vaccination programmes that strives to be clear, open and structured. A process for health-economic evaluations has also been developed.

A reference group for national vaccination programmes was appointed in 2016, and tasked with eg. proposing and prioritizing which changes to the national vaccination programme need to be investigated.

Changes under investigation

The Public Health Agency of Sweden is currently not conducting any investigations that may lead to changes of the national vaccination programmes.

Changes planned for implementation

In 2024 the government designated funding to include tuberculosis in the selective vaccination program for risk groups from 2025 onwards. Preparations are ongoing to implement this new vaccination program, which will target children at risk of tuberculosis.

Changes under consideration by the government

In April 2016 the Public Health Agency of Sweden suggested to the government to create selective vaccination programmes for risk groups against hepatitis B, and influenza. In September 2024 varicella was proposed to be included in the childhood vaccination program.

These suggestions are currently being considered by the government. If selective programmes are started, the regions will be obliged to offer these vaccinations to the risk groups free of charge. The vaccinations will also be eligible for registration in the national vaccination registry, which will improve the Agency's monitoring of the safety and effectiveness of the vaccinations.

In the meantime, vaccinations against hepatitis B and influenza are guided by recommendations. The target groups may have to pay for these vaccinations themselves, and the vaccinations cannot be registered in the national vaccination registry.

Read more

• Communicable Diseases Act (riksdagen.se) (in Swedish)
• Communicable Diseases Ordinance (riksdagen.se) (in Swedish)